{"id":276,"date":"2026-04-27T12:35:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T09:35:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/?page_id=276"},"modified":"2026-04-30T13:05:07","modified_gmt":"2026-04-30T10:05:07","slug":"formation-of-the-category-of-possessive-pronouns","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/formation-of-the-category-of-possessive-pronouns.html","title":{"rendered":"FORMATION OF THE CATEGORY OF POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE"},"content":{"rendered":"
Journal section:<\/strong> Research articles<\/span>
\nLanguage:<\/strong> Ukrainian<\/span>
\n\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/h5>\n

DOI:<\/strong> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37919\/3083-6212.2025.2.41-63<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Ruslana KOTSA<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n

Candidate of Sciences in Philology, Senior Researcher in the Department of History of the Ukrainian Language and Onomastics, Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
\nhttps:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-2250<\/a>
\ne-mail: rgomonai@ukr.net<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The article presents a comprehensive historical and derivational analysis of the possessive pronouns of the Ukrainian language, tracing the evolution of their forms from the Proto-Slavic period to Modern Ukrainian. Drawing on a wide corpus of written sources, the study examines the structural and semantic features as well as the functional and stylistic uses of the possessive pronouns \u043c\u0456\u0439, \u0442\u0432\u0456\u0439, \u0441\u0432\u0456\u0439<\/em>, the third-person forms \u0439\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0457\u0457, \u0457\u0445\u043d\u0456\u0439<\/em>, and the plural pronouns \u043d\u0430\u0448, \u0432\u0430\u0448<\/em> together with their derivatives across different stages of language development. The formal models underlying all attested forms are identified, and their semantic nuances, grammatical properties, and domains of usage are characterized. Special attention is devoted to the possessive pronouns of the third person \u2014 particularly their etymology, morphological structure, and syntactic functions \u2014 as well as to the identification of archaic and innovative features and the degree of their correspondence to or divergence from cognate forms in other Slavic languages.<\/p>\n

Keywords:<\/strong> pronouns, word formation, Ukrainian language, diachrony.<\/p>\n


\nLEGEND<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0410\u041e<\/strong> \u2014 Kernytskyi, I.M., Kupchynskyi, O.A. (Eds.). (1970). Acts of the village of Odrekhov<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0410\u041f\u041f\u0421\u00a02<\/strong> \u2014 Moskalenko, L.A. (Ed.). (2017). Acts of the Poltava Regimental Court 1683\u20131750. Collection of official documents<\/em>. (Vol.\u00a02). Kyiv: KMM (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0410\u0440\u0445\u042e\u0417\u0420<\/strong> \u2014 Archive of the South-Western Russia, published by the Temporary Commission for the Analysis of Ancient Acts<\/em> (1859\u20131914). (Parts 1\u20138). Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0410\u0423\u041c<\/strong> \u2014 Matviias, I.H. et all (Ed.). (1984\u20132001). Atlas of the Ukrainian Language: in 3 vols<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0410\u042e\u0417\u0420<\/strong> \u2014 Acts relating to the history of Southern and Western Russia, collected and published by the Archaeographic Commission<\/em> (1863\u20131892). (Vols.\u00a01\u201315). St. Petersburg (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0411\u0415\u0420<\/strong> \u2014 Georgiev, V.I., Duridanov, I. (Eds.). (1971\u2013). Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary<\/em>. (Vols.\u00a01\u2013). Sofia: BAS (in Bulgarian).
\n\u0411.-\u041d.<\/strong> \u2014 Nimchuk, V.V. (Ed.). (1966). Biletskyi-Nosenko P. Dictionary of the Ukrainian language<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0412\u0413<\/strong> \u2014 Zadorozhnyi, V.B., Matviienko, A.M. (Eds.). (1995). Volyn charters of the 16th<\/sup> century<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0412\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044c<\/strong> \u2014 Ukrainian everyday life in the early modern period: A collection of documents. Vol.\u00a01: Volyn in the 16th<\/sup> century<\/em> (2014). Kyiv: Feniks (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0413\u0404 1264\u20131301<\/strong> \u2014 St.\u00a0George\u2019s (Galician-Volyn) Gospel of 1264\u20131301. Nimchuk, V. (2015). A textbook on the history of the Ukrainian language of the 10th<\/sup>\u201313th<\/sup> centuries<\/em> (pp.\u00a0276\u2013289). Kyiv\u2013Zhytomyr (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0413\u0440. 1404<\/strong> \u2014 Transcarpathian charter of 1404<\/em>. \u2013 National Archives of Hungary, Q 10, DL 42811 (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0413\u0440.\u00a0XIV<\/strong> \u2014 Peshchak, M. (Ed.). (1974). Charters of the 14th<\/sup> century<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0413\u0420\u0410\u041a<\/strong> \u2014 General Regionally Annotated Corpus of the Ukrainian Language. URL: https:\/\/parasol.vmguest.uni-jena.de\/grac_crystal\/#concordance<\/a>.
\n\u0413\u0440\u0456\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e<\/strong> \u2014 Hrinchenko, B. (1907\u20131909). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 4 vols<\/em>. Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0414\u0430\u0440\u0447\u0430 \u0421.\u00a0\u0412\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0430<\/strong> \u2014 Mykytas, V., Chuchka, P. (1968). Two Transcarpathian original monuments of the beginning of the 15th<\/sup> century. Movoznavstvo, 1<\/em>, 62\u201368 (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0414\u0435-\u0412\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0430\u043d<\/strong> \u2014 Ugro-Russian folk songs collected by G.A. De-Vollan<\/em>. (1885). St. Petersburg (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0414\u043d.\u00a0\u041c\u0430\u0440\u043a.<\/strong> \u2014 Lazarevskyi, Al. (Ed.). (1893\u20131897). Diary of General Sub-treasurer Yakov Markovych<\/em> (1717\u20131767)<\/em>. (Vols.\u00a01\u20133). Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0415\u0421\u0423\u041c<\/strong> \u2014 Melnychuk, O.S. (Ed.). (1982\u20132012). Etymological dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 7 vols<\/em>. (Vols.\u00a01\u20136). Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0404.\u00a0\u041d\u0435\u0433.<\/strong> \u2014 New Testament translated by V.\u00a0Negalevskyi<\/em>. 1581. \u2013 Institute of Manuscripts of the V.I.\u00a0Vernadskyi National Library of Ukraine, F. 307, item collection 421 (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0416\u0435\u043b.<\/strong> \u2014 Zhelekhovskyi, Ye., Nedilskyi, S. (Eds.). (1885\u20131886). Ukrainian-Germany Dictionary: in 2 vols<\/em>. Lviv (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0441\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u2014 Zakrevskyi, N. (Ed.). (1861). Old World Bandurist. Book 3: Dictionary of Ukrainian idioms<\/em> (pp. 245\u2013628). Moscow (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0406\u043b.\u00a0\u0421\u043b.<\/strong> \u2014 Rozov, N.N. (1963). Synodal list of works of Illarion \u2013 Russian writer of 11th<\/sup> century. Slavia<\/em>, XXXII, 2<\/em>, 141\u2013175 (in Church Slavonic).
\n\u041a\u0417\u041a<\/strong> \u2014 Yashchuk, L.V. (Ed.). (2018). Kremenets land register of 1578<\/em>. Kremenets (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041a\u041a\u041f\u0421<\/strong> \u2014 Boriak, H.V. (Ed.). (1991). Book of the Kyiv Subcommunity Court (1584\u20131644)<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041a\u0420<\/strong> \u2014 Ryazan helm 1284<\/em> \u2013 GPB, F. P. I, 1, 402 l (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u2013 Burlachka. A story by I. Levytskyi<\/em> (1880). Kyiv: Typ. S.V. Kulzhenko (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041b\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0423\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0457\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/strong> \u2014 Lesia Ukrainka. (1908). One word: the story of a native from the north<\/em>. Kyiv: Chas (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041b\u0463\u043a.<\/strong> \u2014 Moisiienko, V.M. (Ed.). (2017). Likarstvo na ospalyi umysl cholovichyi<\/em>. Vol. 2: Metagraphed text. Zhytomyr (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041b\u0420\u041a<\/strong> \u2014 Mashtabei, O.M., Samiilenko, V.H., Sharpylo, B.A. (Eds.). (1986). Lokhvitsa town hall book of the second half of the 17th<\/sup> century<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041b\u0421<\/strong> \u2014 Dzyra, Ya.I. (Ed.). (1971). The Chronicle of Samovydets<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447<\/strong> \u2014 Ukrainian songs, published by M.\u00a0Maksimovich<\/em> (1827). Moscow (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041c\u0404<\/strong> \u2014 Zhukovskaya, L.P., Vladimirova, L.A., Pankratova, N.P. (Eds.). (1983). Aprakos of Mstislav the Great<\/em>. Moscow: Nauka (in Church Slavonic).
\n\u041c\u043e\u043b\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d<\/strong> \u2014 Moldovan, A.M. (2000). Five newly discovered Ukrainian charters from the end of the 14th<\/sup> \u2013 beginning of the 15th<\/sup> century. Moldovan, A., Kalugin, V. (Eds.), Linguistic source studies and history of the Russian language. 2000<\/em> (pp. 261\u2013276). Moscow (in Ukrainian, Russian).
\n\u041d\u0435\u0447\u0443\u0439-\u041b\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0446\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 1956<\/strong> \u2014 Nechui-Levytskyi Ivan. (1956). Works in four volumes<\/em>. Kyiv: Derzhavne vyd-vo khudozhnoi literatury (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041d\u041a\u0420\u042f<\/strong> \u2014 National Corpus of the Russian Language<\/em>. URL: http:\/\/www.ruscorpora.ru.
\n\u041d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441<\/strong> \u2014 Nomys, M. (Ed.). (1864). Ukrainian sayings, proverbs and such: collections of O.V.\u00a0Markovich and others<\/em>. St. Petersburg (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041e\u0433\u0456\u0454\u043d\u043a\u043e<\/strong> \u2014 Ohiienko,\u00a0I. (1924). Ukrainian stylistic dictionary: a handy book for studying the Ukrainian literary language<\/em>. Lviv: Drukarnia NTSh (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041e\u041b\u0417<\/strong> \u2014 Description of Lutsk Castle<\/em>. Lutsk, 1552. \u2013 Central Archives of the Russian Federation, f. 389 (Lithuanian metrics), unit of collection 563, sheets 157 vol.\u2013192 (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u0430\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0447 <\/strong>\u2014 Pankevych, I. (1970). Materials on the history of the language of South Carpathian Ukrainians. Scientific collection of the Museum of Ukrainian Culture in Svydnik<\/em> (vol. 4, book 2). Pre\u0161ov: Bratyslavske slovatske pedahohichne vydavnytstvo (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u0412\u041b 1116<\/strong> \u2014 The Tale of Bygone Years (1926\u20131928). Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol.\u00a01: Laurentian Chronicle.<\/em> 2nd<\/sup> ed. (columns 1\u201329). Leningrad (in Old Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u0404<\/strong> \u2014 Chepiga, I.P., Hnatenko, L.A. (Eds.). (2011). Peresopnytske Evangelie, 1556\u20131561: Research. Transliterated text. Word index<\/em>. 2nd<\/sup> ed. Kyiv (in Old Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u041b<\/strong> \u2014 Peredriienko, V.A. (Ed.). (1987). Private letters of the 18th<\/sup> century<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u041c<\/strong> \u2014 \u201cTeaching\u201d by V.\u00a0Monomakh (1926\u20131928). Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol. 1: Laurentian Chronicle<\/em>. 2nd<\/sup> ed. (columns 240\u2013256). Leningrad (in Old Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u041e\u0421<\/strong> 13 \u2014 Kostyuchok, L.Ya., Lutovinova, I.S., Potsepny, D.M., Tarasova, M.A. (Eds.). (2003). Pskov regional dictionary with historical data<\/em> (Issue 13). St. Petersburg (in Russian).
\n\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432. \u0441\u043b.<\/strong> \u2014 Holoskevych, H. (1929). Spelling dictionary (according to the norms of Ukrainian spelling of the All-Ukrainian Academy of Sciences)<\/em>. Kharkiv (in Ukrainian).
\n\u041f\u0421\u0420\u041b \u0406\u0406<\/strong> \u2014 The Ipatiev Chronicle (1908). Complete Collection of Russian Chronicles. Vol.\u00a02: The Ipatiev Chronicle<\/em>. 2nd<\/sup> ed. St. Petersburg (in Old Ukrainian).
\n\u0420\u043e\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/strong> \u2014 Rozov, V. (1928). Ukrainian charters. Vol.\u00a01: 14th<\/sup> and the first part of the 15th<\/sup> centuries<\/em>. Kyiv: UAN (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0420\u0423\u0410\u0421<\/strong> \u2014 Krymskyi, A., Yefremov, S. (Eds.). (2007). Russian-Ukrainian dictionary<\/em> (electronic version by O.\u00a0Telemko). Kyiv (in Ukrainian, Russian).
\n\u0421\u0411\u0413<\/strong> \u2014 Onyshkevych,\u00a0M.Y. (1984). Dictionary of Boyki dialects: in 2 parts<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0421\u0420\u041d\u0413 <\/strong>\u2014 Dictionary of Russian folk dialects<\/em> (1965\u2013). (Issue 1\u2013). Leningrad (in Russian).
\n\u0421\u0420\u0423<\/strong> \u2014 Umanets, M., Spilka, A. (Eds.). (1893\u20131898). Russian-Ukrainian dictionary: in 4 vols<\/em>. Lviv (in Ukrainian, Russian).
\n\u0421\u0420\u042f<\/strong> \u2014 Dictionary of the Russian language of the 11th<\/sup>\u201317th<\/sup> centuries<\/em> (1975\u20132008). (Issues 1\u201328). Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
\n\u0421\u0423\u041c<\/strong> \u2014 Bilodid, I.K. (Ed.). (1970\u20131980). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language: in 11 vols.<\/em> Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0421\u0423\u041c 16\u201317<\/strong> \u2014 Hrynchyshyn, D. et al. (Eds.). (1994\u2013). Dictionary of the Ukrainian language of the 16th<\/sup> \u2013 first half of the 17th<\/sup> century: in 28 issues<\/em> (Issue 1\u2013). Lviv (in Ukrainian, Old Ukrainian).
\n\u0422\u0421\u0411\u041c<\/strong> \u2014 Atrahovich, K.K. (Ed.). (1977\u20131984). Explanatory dictionary of the Belarusian language: in 5 vols. (Vols.\u00a01\u20135). Minsk: Bielaruskaja Savieckaja Encyklapiedyja (in Belarusian).
\n\u0423\u0413\u0440.\u00a0XV<\/strong> \u2014 Rusanivskyi, V. (Ed.). (1965). Ukrainian charters of the 15th<\/sup> century<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian).
\n\u0423\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0456<\/strong> \u2014 Udvari, I. (2005). Collection of sources for the study of Rusyn writing. II. Bishops Gabriel Blazhovsky, Manuel Olshavsky, John Bradach and their time<\/em>. Niredyhaza (in Ukrainian, Russian).
\n\u0423\u0436. 1645<\/strong> \u2014 Bilodid, I.K., Kudrytskyi, Ye.M. (Eds.). (1970). Slavic Grammar by I. Uzhevych<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Latin).
\n\u0423\u0436.\u00a0\u041f.<\/strong> \u2014 Kolessa, O. (1925). Uzhhorod \u201cPolustav\u201d in a parchment manuscript of the 14th<\/sup> century. Zapysky NTSh<\/em>. Lviv. Vols.\u00a0141\u2013143. P.\u00a01\u201359 (in Old Ukrainian).
\n\u0423\u0404 \u211631<\/strong> \u2014 The Teaching Gospel. From the territory of Boykivshchyna<\/em>, end of 16th<\/sup> century. \u2013 Manuscript Department of the LNB of the NAS of Ukraine, f. 1, No. 31 (in Old Ukrainian).
\n\u0423\u0404 \u041a\u0430\u043b.<\/strong> \u2014 The Teaching Gospel or Sermon for Every Sunday and Holy Solemnity. Written in Greek by the Holy Father Callistos, translated into Ukrainian by order of Petro Mohyla<\/em> (1637). Kyiv (in Ukrainian).
\n\u042d\u0421\u0411\u041c<\/strong> \u2014 Martynov, V.U., Tsykhun, G.A., Malko, R.M. (Eds.). (1978\u2013). Etymological dictionary of the Belarusian language<\/em> (Vol. 1\u2013). Minsk: Navuka i technika (in Belarusian).
\n\u042d\u0421\u0421\u042f<\/strong> \u2014 Trubachev, O.N., Zhuravlev, A.F., Varbot, Zh.Zh. (Eds.). (1974\u2013). Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages: Proto-Slavic lexical fund<\/em> (Vol. 1\u2013). Moscow: Nauka (in Russian).
\nAS<\/strong> \u2014 Radzimi\u0144ski,\u00a0Z., Skobielski,\u00a0P., Gorczak,\u00a0B. (1887\u20131910). Archive of the Princes Lubartowicz-Sanguszko in Slavuta<\/em> (Vols.\u00a01\u20137). Lviv: Z drukarni Instytutu Stauropigia\u0144skiego (in Old Ukrainian, Polish).
\nBD<\/strong> \u2014 Bogdan, I. (1913). The documents of Stephen the Great<\/em> (Vols.\u00a01\u20132). Bucharest (in Old Ukrainian, Romanian).
\nBr\u00fcckner<\/strong> \u2014 Br\u00fcckner, A. (1927). Etymological dictionary of the Polish language<\/em> (Vols.\u00a01\u20132). Cracow (in Polish).
\nCost.<\/strong> \u2014 Cost\u0103chescu, M. (Ed.). (1931\u20131932). Moldavian documents before Stephen the Great<\/em> (Vols.\u00a01\u20132). Iasi (in Old Ukrainian, Romanian).
\nRejzek<\/strong> \u2014 Rejzek, J. (2012). Czech etymological dictionary<\/em>. Praha: Leda (in Czech).
\nSkok<\/strong> \u2014 Skok, P. (1971\u20131973). Etymological dictionary of the Croatian or Serbian language<\/em> (Vols.\u00a01\u20133). Zagreb: Jugoslavenska Akademija Znanosti i Umjetnosti (in Croatian).
\nWSJP<\/strong> \u2014\u00a0The Great Dictionary of the Polish language. URL: https:\/\/wsjp.pl\/haslo\/podglad\/94603\/ichni.<\/p>\n


\nREFERENCES<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Antonenko-Davydovych, B.D. (1970). How We Speak<\/em>. Kyiv: Radianskyi pysmennyk (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  2. Asenova, P. (2002). Balkan linguistics: basic problems of the Balkan language union<\/em>. Veliko Tarnovo: Faber (in Bulgarian).<\/li>\n
  3. Bevzenko, S.P. (1960). Historical morphology of the Ukrainian language<\/em>. Uzhhorod: Zakarpats\u2019ke oblasne vydavnytstvo (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  4. Vidoeski, B. (1999). Forms of pronouns (history and geography). Vidoeski, B., The dialects of the Macedonian language<\/em> (vol.\u00a03, pp.\u00a0127\u2013174). Skopje (in Macedonian).<\/li>\n
  5. Vykhovanets, I.R., Horodenska, K.H. (2004). Theoretical morphology of the Ukrainian language<\/em>. Kyiv: Pulsary (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  6. Volk, V.S. (2014). Syntax of possessive pronouns and adjectival derivation. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, \u0425, 2<\/em>, 510\u2013533 (in Russian).<\/li>\n
  7. Guyer, O. (1953). Introduction to the History of the Czech language<\/em> (transl. from the 3rd<\/sup> Czech edition by A.G. Shirokov). Moscow: Izdatel\u2019stvo inostrannoy literatury (in Russian).<\/li>\n
  8. Humetska,\u00a0L.L. (1958). Essay on the word-forming system of the Ukrainian act language of the 14th<\/sup>\u201315th<\/sup> centuries<\/em>. Kyiv: Vyd-vo AN URSR (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  9. Dobrushina, E.R. (2013). Norm-codification versus norm-intuition, or two hundred years together with \u201ctheirs\u201d. Russian language in scientific coverage, 2 (26)<\/em>, 181\u2013204 (in Russian).<\/li>\n
  10. Dobrushina, E.R., Sichinava, D.V. (2015). The migrating norm, or microdiachronic adventures of the word \u0438\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/em> in Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages. Voprosy yazykoznaniya, 2<\/em>, 41\u201354 (in Russian).<\/li>\n
  11. Zhovtobriukh, M.A., Volokh, O.T., Samiilenko, S.P., Slynko, I.I. (1980). Historical grammar of the Ukrainian language<\/em>. Kyiv: Vyshcha shkola (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  12. Lukashanets, A.A. (Ed.). (2007). Brief grammar of the Belarusian language: in 2 parts<\/em>. Part 1. Phonology. Morphonology. Morphology. Minsk: Bielaruskaja navuka (in Belarusian).<\/li>\n
  13. Meje, \u0410. (1951). All-Slavic language <\/em>(transl. from French). Moscow: Izd-vo inostr. literatury (in Russian).<\/li>\n
  14. Mirchev, K. (1978). Historical grammar of the Bulgarian language <\/em>(3rd<\/sup> ed.). Sofia: Nauka i izkustvo (in Bulgarian).<\/li>\n
  15. Samiilenko, S.P. (1970). Essays on the historical morphology of the Ukrainian language<\/em>. Part 2: manual. Kyiv: Vyshcha shkola (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  16. Sidorenskaya, I.D. (1960). Some observations on the word formation of impersonal pronouns in Pskov dialects. Reports at the conference on regional lexicography, March 29\u201331, 1960 in Pskov<\/em> (pp.\u00a09\u201316). Pskov (in Russian).<\/li>\n
  17. Syniavskyi, \u041e. (1941). Norms of the Ukrainian literary language<\/em>. Lviv: Ukrainske vydavnytstvo (in Ukrainian).<\/li>\n
  18. Skopnenko, O. Language blog<\/em>. URL: https:\/\/lnk.ua\/J4PRyY7Vz.<\/li>\n
  19. Rusanivskyi, V.M. (Ed.). (1969). Modern Ukrainian literary language: Morphology<\/em>. Kyiv: Naukova dumka (in Ukrainian) (in the text \u2013 \u0421\u0423\u041b\u041c 1969<\/strong>).<\/li>\n
  20. D\u0142ugosz-Kurczabowa, K., Dubisz, S. (2006). Historical grammar of the Polish language<\/em>. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego (in Polish).<\/li>\n
  21. Doroszewski, W. (1952). Explanations of words and phrases. Poradnik J\u0119zykowy, 3<\/em>, 35.<\/li>\n
  22. Matasovi\u0107, R. (2008). Comparative-historical grammar of the Croatian language<\/em>. Zagreb: Matica hrvatska (in Croatian).<\/li>\n
  23. Rospond, S. (1979). Historical grammar of the Polish language<\/em>. Warsaw: Pa\u0144stwowe wydawnictwo naukowe (in Polish).<\/li>\n
  24. Stieber, Z. (1989). An outline of comparative grammar of Slavic languages<\/em>. Warsaw: Pa\u0144stwowe wydawnictwo naukowe (in Polish).<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Journal section: Research articles Language: Ukrainian DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37919\/3083-6212.2025.2.41-63 Ruslana KOTSA Candidate of Sciences in Philology, Senior Researcher in the Department of History of the Ukrainian Language and Onomastics, Institute of the Ukrainian Language of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-2250 e-mail: rgomonai@ukr.net   The article presents a comprehensive historical and derivational analysis of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-276","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=276"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":880,"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/276\/revisions\/880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ulm.iul-nasu.org.ua\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}